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author: Olexandr Prytula
Urgency of the research. Military-patriotic education of schoolchildren as a priority component of patriotic education in today's conditions should be based on spirituality and the system of values of Ukrainians, as well as should include general military-historical and applied physical training, study of the basics of military service and life safety.
Target setting is seen in the need to actualize research tasks regarding the development of such directions and structural elements of civic education as achieving physical perfection, strengthening the will and spirit, and forming moral and ethical qualities.
Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. The problems of understanding patriotic and civic education are considered in the works of: I. Bekh, H. Vashchenko, P. Verbytska, V. Voloshyn, O. Kryvonos, A. Makarenko, S. Riabov, V. Sukhomlynskyi, O. Sukhomlynska, I. Turchyk, K. Chorna and other scientists.
The research objective is to determine the features of directions and structural elements of civic education of the individual.
The statement of basic materials. The article deals with the main directions and structural elements of civic education – achieving physical perfection, strengthening the will and spirit, forming moral and ethical qualities. Need-motivational function, value-normative function, aesthetic function, moral function are distinguished among others as the most necessary for the development of the spiritual sphere of a person in the frame of physical education. The spiritual and moral basis of modern civic education is analyzed, which should be based on cognitive, regulatory and behavioral norms, which include developing the skills to reason, analyze, ask questions and look for answers, think critically and consider the problem comprehensively. The above mentioned skills are formed by means of mental education aimed at the development of the pupils’ intellectual powers, their thinking, and the transfer of the mental work culture. The process of formation and development of critical thinking is considered as one of the innovative pedagogical technologies, which enables the transition of traditional education, which is focused on the acquisition of knowledge, to a new type of humanistic and innovative education, which is focused on the transformation of acquired knowledge, abilities and skills into subject competencies.
Conclusions. Modern civic education should be based on cognitive, normative and behavioral norms that help to develop the skills of an improving individual to reason, analyze, ask questions, search for answers, think critically and consider a problem comprehensively.
Keywords: civic education, physical education, sport, will, moral and ethical qualities, spiritual development, critical thinking, innovative technologies
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author: Uliana Zhornokui
Urgency of the research lies in the fact that in the measurement of variable interpretive strategies for works of art, it is important to turn to methods that would allow to characterize them comprehensively, even taking into account unpopular topics, such as blindness. In the literary paradigm, the specified topic is lacunar, as it belongs to multidisciplinary ones, which opens up wide prospects for further research in many areas – in addition to directly comparativist, also psychological, philosophical, medical, etc.
Target setting. The category of blindness in Ukrainian literature remains, with the exception of some investigations, poorly researched, which creates an urgent need to study this category in order to form a broader scientific picture of this problem, which will make it possible to move away from the compensatory principle of interpreting blindness, which itself leads to wrong judgments about ontological dimensions the existence of blind characters.
Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. This article analyzes the works of key researchers who studied the category of blindness in different contexts (Oliver Sacks, John Milton, Timothy D. Wilson), as well as the works of those scholars who considered the relationship between the reception of escapism and the mentioned category in particular (Edward Ziegler, Lennard J. Davis, Stephen Cushman, Rosemary Garland-Thomson). In domestic literature, unfortunately, the analyzed topic is presented to an insignificant extent.
The research objective. The author of the article aimed to investigate the peculiarities of the depiction of the category of blindness through the prism of escapism as a form of escape from one's condition, which makes impossible / inhibits / postpones the processes of self-identification of the characters.
The statement of basic materials. Various interpretive models of blindness are analyzed – from the metaphorical (the novel “Blindness” by Jose Saramago and the tragedy “Oedipus the King” by Sophocles) to the cognitive-existential (on the example of the work of Olga Tokarchuk). The escapism of blind characters is often manifested through the depiction of their large inner world, incredible imagination and very vivid memories, the depiction of which allows writers to show a way to escape the cruel reality and find a way to create (communicate) in harmony with their condition. Literature provides an opportunity to explore these aspects of the human experience, showing how apparent escapism can serve as a means of survival and self-preservation in a star-centered world where, from the inner vision, you have created the right to a fulfilling life.
Conclusions. The theme of blindness revealed through the use of escapism only expresses the reluctance to accept one's condition and this impossible identification process by the individual. The study of escapism in blind characters is a multifaceted topic that covers various aspects of human experience, which forms significant prospects for further research related to the problem we have analyzed.
Key words: escapism, eyecentrism, multidisciplinarity, category of blindness, character, reception, receptive analysis, artistic work
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author: Iryna Lutsenko
Urgency of the research. Modern education is an important resource with the potential to ensure innovative development of society. For this purpose, the development of education should be proactive, which requires the implementation of new technologies for managing educational institutions. Coaching is a modern way to introduce changes in the management system.
Target setting. For the development of preschool education to be ahead of the curve, an innovation must be introduced that will cover the education system as a whole. The innovation should include mechanisms and tools for regulating the system of relations, communications and interactions between managers and employees, and all participants in the educational process.
Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. The methodological foundations for the development of coaching in Ukraine were studied by V. Brych and M. Nagara. They defined coaching as a converged management style. In the education system, coaching is studied in the field of higher education (V. Zelenin, O. Antoniuk), training of educators for preschool education institutions (T. Fasolko, A. Kovtun, T. Guzhanova, L. Ostapko, Y. Semenyako), postgraduate education (V. Sydorenko), inclusive education (T. Skrypnyk, K. Biriukova). The principles of coaching implementation, the positive impact of pedagogical and educational coaching on the learning process, and the motivation of students are determined.
The research objective is to substantiate the feasibility of introducing coaching in the system of preschool education, to reveal the potential of using coaching technologies in preschool education.
The statement of basic materials. In the educational activities of preschool education institutions, coaching can be used both as a style of institution management and as an approach that transforms the educational process. It is proposed to use coaching technologies in the following areas of activity: management of preschool education institution; cooperation of preschool education institution with parents; formation of competencies in children-applicants of preschool education in various educational areas. The goals of using coaching technologies in the identified areas are revealed and examples of the use of coaching technologies are given: active listening, powerful questions, “GROW” technology.
Conclusions. The coaching methodology is widely used in various spheres of public life. The analysis of research shows the rapid development of the coaching approach, the prospects for its implementation in the system of preschool education, in particular in preschool education.
Keywords: preschool education institution, coaching approach, coaching technologies, educational coaching, pedagogical coaching, preschool education system
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authors: Maria Novosad, Svitlana Bilous, Bohdan Rokh, Oleh Savchuk
Relevance of the research topic. The relevance of this topic is due to the fact that in times of war, modern children and youth look at the world through the eyes of adults who have matured significantly compared to their age. The war factor influences the search for ways to help adults in the form of volunteering. Ukrainian children and youth are gaining experience of active and responsible behavior in modern society. The younger generation is rethinking the importance of intellectual and personal development, choosing a profession as one of the ways out of crisis situations. Modern youth is constantly searching for and joining the cultural and educational dialogue that takes place between all participants in the educational process and directs them to self-development, self-improvement, and the accumulation of the necessary knowledge that forms the professional value orientations of future professionals. The values of communicative culture and Ukrainian content contribute to the improvement of morality and civic position in the process of educational and professional training of Ukrainian youth. Today, it is important to find, develop, and study various concepts, programs, and projects that shape the creative thinking of young people in an educational environment.
Statement of the problem. The problem of values focuses on a humanistic position in education, which requires treating young people as an important subject in the educational process; recognizing creative thinking as potentially important for both young people and Ukrainian society. Fruitful dialogic communication between participants in the educational process is considered more important condition and means of personal development
Analysis of recent research and publications. In the course of this publication research, philosophical and cultural developments on axiology were analyzed, in particular, A. Vykhrushch, M. Pidlisnyi, “Problems of Axiology and Ways to Solve Them”. We relied on the development of certain aspects of the content and methods of teaching of the NUS, the program “Intellect of Ukraine” (I. Havrysh, Y. Zavalevsky, S. Kyrylenko, O. Marynovska, O. Mezentseva, V. Rogova). Some methodological recommendations on the use of innovative teaching methods in educational and extracurricular cultural and leisure institutions for children and youth were used (V. Koleboshyn, S. Kyrylenko, I. Chervinska, V. Voronov, K. Kovalchuk, O. Reipolska, S. Sysoieva, K. Stankevych, N. Pikanova). We analyzed the materials of information periodicals that cover issues relevant to our study.
The purpose of the article is to reveal the importance of educational, scientific, cultural and leisure institutions as carriers of moral and spiritual values that influence the development of creative thinking of young people and coordinate the targeted provision of quality education and development of their personality.
The task is: to identify teaching methods that motivate the formation of a culture of youth behavior adequate to a multicultural environment; promote constructive relationships between people; encourage critical analysis of modern information, promote design and research activities; encourage personal participation in public life (for example, through volunteering), influence the solution of social problems, and the ability to defend Ukrainian statehood.
The presentation of the main material begins with the statement of the relevance of the problem as the implementation of an axiological (value-based) approach to quality education and educational activities in Ukraine. The aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine has led to the loss of numerous educational, extracurricular, artistic and sports institutions. The article emphasizes the importance of moral and psychological support for children in times of war through educational and cultural centers, assistance in overcoming stress or experiencing loss, sadness and suffering, educational and developmental work with children and youth in difficult conditions. An important task in implementing quality education in Ukraine is to pay constant attention to young people who create Ukrainian content and the spiritual and cultural values of the state. Only educated Ukrainians can create a strong, viable state, rebuild and develop the modern Ukrainian economy, and ensure a decent future for future generations.
Conclusion.
Prospects for further research will be the analysis of axiological approaches to solving the problem of the strategy of development of Ukrainian culture and education, the dominant feature of which is the implementation of acquired knowledge and skills, which affects the creative thinking of young people in modern society.
Keywords: axiological aspect, methodology of philosophy, Ukrainian philosophy, Ukrainian youth, creative thinking, quality education, culture, leisure
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author: Viktor Bilinskyi
Urgency of the research. The problem of freedom has always been and remains one of the most important and relevant problems not only in philosophy, history, political science and other sciences, but also in other social spheres, such as: religion, law, culture, economy, politics, etc. In this article, the author considered the problem of free will in the philosophical system of the medieval philosopher and theologian Aurelius Augustine, to whom the Catholic Church conferred the title of Blessed.
Turget setting. Freedom of will is one of the most important and fundamental problems of today. It concerns not only philosophy, but also such areas as: law, politics, economy, religion, etc. In each of these spheres, human free will appears differently, which is determined by the specifics of the corresponding social context.
Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. This problem, to a certain extent, found its coverage in the writings of such Ukrainian researchers as: V. Gogol [6], M. Doychyk [8], and others. V. Gogol in his article “Anthropological teaching of St. Augustine” [6] analyzes the reasoning of Aurelius Augustine regarding the origin of the soul, the problem of the unity of two substances - soul and body, and human free will. Indirectly, these problems in the light of the Augustinian understanding of the idea of human dignity were also touched upon by the modern Ukrainian researcher M. Doichyk in his article “The Antinomic Dimension of Human Dignity in the Christian Philosophy of Aurelius Augustine” [8].
The research objective. The purpose of the study is a historical-philosophical analysis of the ideological legacy of Aurelius Augustine, in that part of it that concerns the conceptual features of his understanding of the problem of the relationship between free will and human dignity, their relationship with God's will and Divine law.
The statement of basic materials. The philosopher considers free will as one of the attributes that is inherent only to man, as the crown of God's creation. Free will belongs to the essence of a person, and gives him the opportunity to choose between good and evil, so he fights with himself every day, and in his heart good fights with evil, and who wins depends on how righteous and close a person is to God.
Conclusions. So, the concept of “free will” is considered by Aurelius Augustine in the light of teleological determinism: human free will is limited by God's will and predestination. Only God can give a person true freedom, free him from the slavery of sin and cleanse his soul of evil and defects, fill it with love for neighbors and enemies.
Keywords: man, free will, dignity, spiritual and moral improvement, theocentrism, history of philosophy, cognition, idea
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