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Maria Novosad

Svitlana Bilous

Oksana Tereshkun

Lilia Borysevych


Urgency of the research. The most pressing problem is the liberation of the temporarily occupied Ukrainian territories from Russian troops, as well as the rehabilitation of Ukraine`s destroyed infrastructure and cultural heritage. In the context of comprehension of the consequences of the Russian-Ukrainian war, a comprehensive approach to the research of the reconstruction of destroyed and damaged historical architectural monuments of culture, art, the return of illegally exported movable exhibits, paintings, artefacts and other archaeological finds that constitute the cultural heritage of Ukraine will be valuable. The article provides a philosophical analysis and an art history assessment of lost architectural structures, destroyed museums, theatres, cinemas, libraries, etc. The current need to borrow the experience and support of European countries in rebuilding the infrastructure of cities and rural settlements destroyed by the occupation is noted as an urgent priority. There is a need for a special commission, comprising various experts, landscape design specialists, architects, art historians, cultural historians, monumentologists, who would be able to work together to develop restoration projects for complex and commemorative artistic structures. The state of development of issues on the prospects of joint work with international structures, organizations and partners, allowing Ukraine‘s international integration in the cultural space is proving to be ambiguous.

Target setting. The importance of the issue grows as the scale of the destruction of Ukraine`s cultural heritage increases every time during the Russian-Ukrainian war and reaches irreparable losses. In order to successfully address the important issue, there is a need to study and justify international proposals for further improving and increasing the effectiveness of measures for the preservation of Ukraine`s cultural heritage. Analysis of directions for EU and US cooperation guides the development of new mechanisms in the application of practical measures to rebuild Ukraine`s devastated urban infrastructure and territorial communities. The State is looking for the necessary resources to develop important projects for the return and preservation of cultural heritage so that the cultural memory is not destroyed for the next generations.

Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. The research on this issue has been carried out on the basis of numerous news reports from Internet resources on destroyed, ruined and damaged examples of cultural heritage during the armed aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine. The importance of the UNESCO Convention (1972), the Law of Ukraine "On Protection of Cultural Heritage" (2005) and the Law on Amendments to the Law of Ukraine "On Protection of Cultural Heritage" (2010, 2015) were analyzed. Scientific researches that provide theoretical knowledge of particular areas of art, and cultural values that are entered in the State Register of Immovable Monuments and are damaged, illegally exported, or totally destroyed are special. The works of M. Dragan, which outline the artistic styles of sacred architecture, reveal the creative personality of artists and outline incredible original examples of decorative carving, in particular, "Ukrainian wooden churches", "Ivan Rudkovych and the formation of realism in the Ukrainian painting of the XVII century, deserve attention. ", "Ukrainian Decorative Carving of the XVI-XVIII Centuries". Arts studies by N. Golubets "Ukrainian Art", "Galician Painting", V. Scherbakovsky "Ukrainian Art". L. Milyaeva's fundamental mono-graphs related to the unique art of certain historical periods, such as "Potelich Stenography: Liberation Struggle of Ukrainian People in the Art of the XVII Century" and "Ukrainian Medieval Painting". A significant source of cultural and philosophical ideas expressed in the art of Ukrainian icon painting, engraving and graphics was thorough scientific research by D. Stepovyk "Ukrainian graphics of XVI-XVII centuries: the evolution of the image system", "Treasures of Ukraine", "History of the Ukrainian icon", "Ukrainian engraving" Baroque. Theoretical and historical analysis of works of art and phenomena was made by art critics (O. Avramenko, O. Martyniuk, V. Sidorenko), and description, analysis and interpretation of works of art were given by artists (S. Savchuk, O. Baishev, O. Tistol, A. Savadov ). A wide range of museological problems, particularly theoretical ones, relating to the fund work of museums, preservation of cultural heritage by making collections of Ukrainian art are considered by Ukrainian researchers: S. Kot, G. Mezentseva, G. Skrypnyk, J. Bondarchuk, S. Dmytrukh, A. Tsybko.

  The research objective. To prove that Russia`s occupation of the territories since 2014 (Crimea, Donetsk and Luhansk regions) and full-scale war since February 24, 2022, has entailed the loss of a large number of Ukraine`s cultural heritage monuments. Identify important factors that will assist the State in the recovery of cultural heritage in the post-war period, which will facilitate Ukraine`s integration into the international cultural space. Analyse war-damaged historical-cultural monuments in the context of philosophical and cultural analysis. Reveal the significance in the preservation of the cultural heritage of the current UNESCO Conventions and the Law of Ukraine "On Protection of Cultural Heritage". Rethink the value of the lost cultural patrimony, which was entered in the State Register of Immovable Monuments of Ukraine and illegally removed by the Russian occupiers.

The statement of basic materials. The article describes the statistics of cultural heritage monuments in Ukraine, which are listed by UNESCO and have been destroyed, ruined and damaged during the armed aggression of Russian forces. The global problem of modernity that emerged from the 2014-2022 Russo-Ukrainian war is the loss of cultural heritage and artistic styles that reflect the historical life of the state through the language of art. Cultural heritage is not only architectural sacral temples, monasteries, theatres, cinemas, museums, exhibition halls, libraries, public buildings, parks, and squares, but also moving monuments of cultural origin: spiritual books, tableware (chalice), icons, frescoes, mosaics, jewellery belonging to the arts and crafts, films, literary works, museum collections, exhibits, works of fine art, artefacts from archaeological finds reproducing one of the areas of artistic culture - the Art. The historical, cultural and spiritual-artistic heritage is a major resource for the strategic development of the state and an important component of Ukrainian culture, defining the civilisation and cultural potential of the nation. There is an apt statement that saving culture is at the same time-saving people, which might suggest that by saving cultural heritage Ukrainians are defending their own national identity.

Conclusions. Ukraine`s cultural heritage is a fundamental source for the formation of national consciousness and the growth of the nation`s spiritual development. It influences the self-identification of the nation in subsequent periods of development and acts as one of the dominant value achievements of the state. It has been established that people`s attitude towards monuments of cultural heritage is an indicator of the level of development of a State and the spiritual maturity of its citizens. It is recognised that the territories occupied by Russia since 2014 (Crimea, Donetsk and Luhansk regions) and full-scale war since February 24, 2022, have led to great loss and destruction of Ukraine`s historical-cultural heritage. Because of the fighting, it has been impossible for Ukrainian and international experts to access the sites to monitor their condition. Attention has been drawn to the targeting of state authorities to protect cultural monuments and the implementation of the prescriptions of UNESCO Conventions, which will contribute to the overall improvement of cultural heritage preservation and restoration with the involvement of international organisations as the integration of Ukraine into the EU. Philosophical and cultural analysis is used, based on the example of selected historical-cultural monuments that have been destroyed, which guides the further development of scientific research. The solution to the cultural issues that the state was faced with during the war requires a differentiated approach to analysing the problem and providing an objective assessment by specialists of ruined structures, taking into account and using the best world achievements accumulated by the international community in the practice of protecting historical and cultural monuments. The problem of the loss of cultural heritage in Ukraine needs a Ukrainian victory, the participation of conscious Ukrainians in the restoration of lost architectural structures and other cultural values, and cooperation with international partners on spiritual and cultural projects to revive cultural heritage.

Key words: cultural heritage, philosophical and cultural analysis, monument conservation, legislative framework; artefacts, exhibits, museums, theatres, artworks.


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