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authors: Vasil Pihorovich, Andrii Samarskyi

Urgency of the research. The rapid progress of information technologies over the past few decades has significantly impacted many aspects of society. Special attention is drawn to the increasing use of artificial intelligence (AI). It is becoming more relevant and widely applied in various fields of science, education and technology, ranging from medicine to manufacturing automation. This poses a challenge for philosophers to conduct in-depth research on artificial intelligence and develop recommendations regarding its use.

Target setting. One of the key questions arising when considering the capabilities of artificial intelligence is its ability to adhere to the rules of formal logic. Formal logic is the foundation of rational thinking and is used to formalize thought processes and prove rules and laws. Therefore, it is essential to test how well artificial intelligence can perform tasks that require logical thinking.

Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. Research on large language models (LLM) compliance with the rules of formal logic has been conducted by various groups of scientists led by R. Nishant, J. Wan, M. Amirizani, T. Liu, and H. Chi. The work of S. Wang demonstrates that AI's mastery of the fundamental rules of inference still falls short of human capabilities and suggests approaches for testing and enhancing AI's logical skills. E. Larson shows why artificial intelligence cannot understand texts; however, he does not specifically investigate artificial intelligence's adherence to the rules of formal logic. B. Lin explores the use of mathematical methods to improve artificial intelligence accuracy. Research indicates that artificial intelligence can be trained to follow the rules of formal logic, but this process may require significant effort and resources.

The research objective. The task of this article is to test the artificial intelligence service at https://deepai.org/chat for its ability to adhere to the rules of formal logic, specifically solving problems related to modus ponens and modus tollens. Understanding this aspect will allow for a better understanding of the capabilities of language-based artificial intelligence and assist users in obtaining more accurate results.

The statement of basic materials. The article is dedicated to analyzing logical inferences, particularly the rules of modus ponens and modus tollens in the context of interaction with artificial intelligence (AI). Two examples are examined. In the first case, from two premises (“If it is raining outside, then the pavement is wet” and “The pavement outside is wet”), artificial intelligence makes an incorrect conclusion, asserting that “it is raining outside,” despite this being an incorrect application of modus ponens. The authors emphasize that common sense indicates that the pavement could be wet for other reasons. In the second example, concerning modus tollens, artificial intelligence reaches yet another incorrect conclusion. Again, it is noted that a correct conclusion can only be drawn from proper logical thinking schemes. Although artificial intelligence has succeeded in some logical tasks, the author considers this a coincidence rather than confirmation of logical thinking ability. Testing for errors in conclusions shows that even when artificial intelligence formulates conclusions incorrectly, it can indicate the need for additional information to make a correct inference. Thus, the article highlights the limitations of contemporary artificial intelligence models in understanding logic and underscores the necessity for critical thinking on the part of users when interacting with them.

Conclusions. To address the issue of logical errors in texts generated by artificial intelligence (AI), it is proposed to unite the efforts of specialists in logic and AI. It is important to develop programs that will automatically check the conformity of generated texts to the schemas of modus ponens and modus tollens. The schemas of these inferences can be formulated as mathematical models, facilitating the detection of errors. It is also essential to teach AI to identify antecedents and consequents in conditional statements. Moreover, it is vital to educate students on the fundamentals of formal logic and engage linguists in the development of control tools. Given the complexity and differences in languages, an interdisciplinary approach will be crucial for the success of such projects.

Keywords: artificial intelligence, formal logic, reasoning, language models, LLM, deepai.org/chat, modus ponens, modus tollens.

References:

1.       Amirizaniani, M, Martin E, Sivachenko, M, Mashhadi, A & Shah, C 2024, ‘Can LLMs reason like humans? Assessing theory of mind reasoning in LLMs for open-ended questions’, in Proceedings of the 33rd ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management, pp. 34-44.

2.      Chi, H, Li, H, Yang, W, Liu, F, Lan, L, Ren, X & Han, B 2024, ‘Unveiling causal reasoning in large language models: reality or mirage?’, in The Thirty-eighth Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems. Available from :  <https://openreview.net/pdf?id=1IU3P8VDbn>. [5 January 2025].

3.      Larson, EJ 2021, The Myth of Artificial Intelligence: Why Computers Can’t Think the Way We Do. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

4.      Lin, В 2025, ‘Why Amazon is betting on ‘automated reasoning’ to reduce AI’s hallucinations’, The Wall Street Journal, 5 February. Available from :  <https://www.wsj.com/articles/why-amazon-is-betting-on-automated-reasoning-to-reduce-ais-hallucinations-b838849e>. [7 January 2025].

5.      Liu, T, Xu, W, Huang, W, Wang, X, Wang, J, Yang, H & Li, J 2024, ‘Logic-of-thought: injecting logic into contexts for full reasoning in large language models’, arXiv preprint arXiv:2409.17539. Available from :  <https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2409.17539>. [2 January 2025].

6.      Nishant, R, Schneckenberg, D & Ravishankar, MN 2024, ‘The formal rationality of artificial intelligence-based algorithms and the problem of bias’, Journal of Information Technology, 39(1), pp. 19–40. Available from :  <https://doi.org/10.1177/026839622311768>. [6 January 2025].

7.      Wan, Y, Wang, W, Yang, Y, Yuan, Y, Huang, JT, He, P & Lyu, M 2024, ‘LogicAsker: evaluating and improving the logical reasoning ability of large language models’, in Proceedings of the 2024 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, pp. 2124-2155. Available from :  <https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2401.00757>. [9 January 2025].

8.     Wan, Y, Wang, W, Yang, Y, Yuan, Y, Huang, JT, He, P & Lyu, MR 2024, ‘A & b== b & a: triggering logical reasoning failures in large language models’, arXiv preprint arXiv:2401.00757. Available from :  <https://arxiv.org/abs/2401.00757v1>. [9 January 2025].

9.      Wang, S, Wei, Z, Choi, Y & Ren, X 2024, ‘Can LLMs reason with rules? Logic scaffolding for stress-testing and improving LLMs’, arXiv preprint arXiv:2402.11442. Available from :  <https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2402.11442>. [8 January 2025].

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Category: Uncategorised

authors: Oleksandra Voinalovych, Andrii Shevchenko

Urgency of the research. The development of education, today, is characterized by the modernization of learning, its transformations in order to increase efficiency based on the use of innovative technologies. The main task of teachers and scientists is to find a modern approach to the educational process, to create and implement new methods and technologies of learning. The process of education in higher education institutions should not only be an explanation that is remembered or recorded by the student, it should also be creative thinking, active work in classes and interest in the given material.

Target setting of the readiness of future teachers to organize the gaming activities of education seekers is considered as an important component of the professional competence of the future specialist, which is a condition for the competitiveness of a graduate of a higher education institution in the labor market. By the professional competence of a teacher we mean an integral characteristic of a specialist, the distinctive features of which are the readiness and ability to competently organize the educational process, in particular, to use the pedagogical capabilities of gaming technologies, which contributes to the personal growth of education seekers.

Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. The problem of using game technologies in higher education institutions is studied in the scientific literature by L. Varzatska, I. Vachkov, N. Holovko, O. Zhukova, N. Kravets, E. Lytvynenko, M. Marko, I. Romaniuk, H. Topchii, H. Shchukina. Game-based learning technologies in education in Ukraine are the subject of attention of such scholars as N. Bibik, L. Vashchenko, O. Marynovska, O. Zimnia, O. Lokshyna, O. Ovcharuk. The study of psychological and pedagogical works (Y. Babansky, I. Beleniuk, L. Kondrashova, etc.) showed that scientists pay due attention to the problem of introducing game technologies into the educational process of higher education institutions. However, modern research lacks a substantiation of the problem of game technologies in the professional field.

The research objective innovative forms of educational work of higher education institutions using the example of game learning technologies, theoretically justifying the possibilities and feasibility of using game learning technologies in the professional training of future teachers in higher education institutions.

The statement of basic materials. The article considers the issues of introducing innovative technologies into the educational process of higher education institutions using the example of game technologies. Game learning technologies are a special teaching method that involves mastering educational material and educational content, forms the interaction of the teacher and the student through the game, and also helps to find and obtain the desired goal, that is, to achieve a certain result. Game technologies are declared as a modifying innovation. Teaching technologies of this type is associated with the use of a learning model based on the activity of subjects of the educational process. The methodological component of the teacher's activity in implementing game technologies is highlighted, based on the tasks of methodological work, didactic principles, learning functions, and forms of organization of the educational process.

Conclusions. Increasing the professionalism and general cultural level of teaching staff is one of the priority ways of reforming the domestic education system. Higher education in a classical university provides future specialists with professional knowledge, skills and abilities in combination with academic education. In the conditions of its modernization, the methodological component of training both the permanent teaching staff and future specialists acquires special importance. It is a system that includes goals, content, methods, means and forms of organizing training.

Keywords: game, game technologies, educational process, pedagogical games, classification.

References:

1.       Andrushchenko, VP & Demianenko, NM 2021, ‘Fenomen pedahohichnoi innovatyky v naukovo-teoretychnomu obgruntuvanni y osvitnii praktytsi (kontseptualni zasady, rezultaty i perspektyvy mahisterskoho Proiektu “Innovatsiini avtorski osvitno-vykhovni systemy”) (The Phenomenon of Pedagogical Innovation in Scientific and Theoretical Substantiation and Educational Practice (Conceptual Foundations, Results and Prospects of the Master's Project “Innovative Author's Educational Systems”))’, Innovatsiini avtorski osvitno-vykhovni systemy: dosvid uchyteliv Ukrainy: naukovo-metodychnyi posibnyk; za zah. red. N.M. Demianenko. Kyiv: NPU imeni M.P. Drahomanova, c. 12-32.

2.      Auzina, MO & Vozna, AM 2003, Innovatsiini protsesy v osviti (Innovative processes in education). Navchalnyi posibnyk dlia stud. vyshch. navch. zakladiv, Lviv, LBI NBU, 103 s.

3.      Bekh, I 2005, ‘Pryntsypy innovatsiinoi osvity (Principles of innovative education)’, Osvita i upravlinnia, T. 8, № 3/4, c. 7-20.

4.      Horobei, SD (n. d.), Hotovnist vchytelia do innovatsiinoi diialnosti (Teacher's readiness for innovative activity). Dostupno: <https://klasnaocinka.com.ua/en/article/gotovnist-vchitelya-do-innovatsiinoyi-diyalnosti.html>. [12 Liutyi 2025].

5.      Innovatsiini tekhnolohii navchannia (Innovative Teaching Technologies) 2017, Navchalnyi posibnyk dlia studentiv, kol. avtoriv; vidp. red. Bakhtiiarova, KhSh; nauk. red. Aristova, AV; uporiadn. slovnyka Volobuieva, SV, Kyiv: NTU, 172 s.

6.      Palamarchuk, VF 2005, ‘Innovatsiini protsesy v pedahohitsi: pershoosnovy pedahohichnoi innovatyky (Innovative processes in pedagogy: the fundamentals of pedagogical innovation)’, Osvita Ukrainy, c. 34-38.

7.      Pobirchenko, NS 2003, ‘Innovatsiini pidkhody do pidhotovky maibutnikh uchyteliv u konteksti reformuvannia systemy vyshchoi pedahohichnoi osvity (Innovative approaches to training future teachers in the context of reforming the system of higher pedagogical education)’, Ridna shkola, №3, c.3-5.

8.     Pedahohika vyshchoi shkoly (Pedagogy of Higher Education) 2007, Navchalnyi posibnyk, avt. Kurliand, ZN,  Xmeliuk, PI,  Semenova, AV, Barteneva, IO & Bohdanova, IM, 3-e vyd., pererobl., dopovn. Kyiv: Znannia, 495 s.

9.      Fenomen innovatsii: osvita, suspilstvo, kultura (Phenomenon of innovations: education, society, culture) 2008, Monohrafiia, za red. Kremenia, VH, Kyiv : Pedahohichna dumka, 472 s.

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Category: Uncategorised

authors: M. Gramchuk, V. Nikitenko

Urgency of the research is dictated by the accelerating integration of smart technologies into human life, raising essential philosophical and ethical concerns. As digitalization reshapes personal autonomy, environmental sustainability, and social structures, a critical examination of its implications is necessary.

Target setting. “Smart” technologies are transforming human experience, particularly in terms of autonomy, environmental sustainability, perception, and social justice. Integrating existential, ecological, phenomenological, and ethical frameworks, it calls for philosophical analysis, offering a deeper understanding of the transformative impact of digital innovations on modern society.

Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. demonstrates the growing academic focus on digital transformation. Aram, Baxter, and Nutkevitch highlight the role of adaptation and innovation in technological evolution. Voronkova et al. examine the transition from 4G to 5G in the context of digital globalization. Nambisan, Zahra, and Luo (2019) explore global technological platforms and their influence on business ecosystems. Additionally, works by Anderson, Barabási, Diamandis & Kotler, Brynjolfsson & McAfee, and Russell address technological advancements and their socio-economic effects, reinforcing the need for an ethical and philosophical framework in technology adoption.

The research objective is to assess how smart technologies redefine human experiences, particularly in terms of autonomy, environmental impact, perception, and social justice. By applying existentialist, environmental, phenomenological, and ethical perspectives, the study provides a structured philosophical discourse on the topic.

The statement of basic materials includes an exploration of existentialist concerns related to personal expression and autonomy, environmental philosophical discussions on sustainability challenges, phenomenological insights into changes in perception and human interaction, and ethical debates regarding equitable access to smart technologies. The study also incorporates insights from European directives on ethical technology use.

Conclusions. The article emphasizes the necessity of ethical discourse in the development and deployment of smart technologies. It advocates for a balanced approach that aligns technological advancements with fundamental human values, contributing to a more equitable and sustainable society.

Keyords: Smart technologies, Quality of life, Philosophical perspective, Existentialism, Environmental philosophy, Phenomenology, Ethics, Equitable access, Ethical discourse, Societal implications.

References:

1.    Anderson, S 2020, Letters from Bezos: 14 principles of business growth from Amazon,  translated A. Kolodnytska, Kyiv: Bookchef : Fors Ukraina.

2.   Aram, E, Baxter, R & Nutkevitch, A 2019, Adaptation and Innovation, Taylor & Francis Group.

3.   Barabási, A.-L 2023, The formula of maximum: Winning strategies to achieve goals, translated K. Derevianko, Kharkiv: Vivat.

4.   Brynjolfsson, E & McAfee, A 2015, The Second Machine Age, The Washington Post, Retrieved July 8, 2015.

5.   Voronkova, V, Nikitenko, V, Oleksenko, R, Andriukaitiene, R, Kharchenko, J & Kliuienko, E 2023, Digital technology evolution of the industrial revolution from 4G to 5G in the context of the challenges of digital globalization, TEM Journal. Volume 12, Issue 2, pp. 732-742.

6.   McNamara, Robert, S, 1916-2009. In retrospect : the tragedy and lessons of Vietnam. 1995.

7.   Nambisan, S, Zahra, SA & Luo, Y 2019, ‘Global platforms and ecosystems: Implications for international business theories’, Journal of International Business Studies, 50 (9), pp. 1464–1486. Available from : <https://doi.org/10.1057/s41267-019-00262-4>. [4 January 2025].

8.  Diamandis, P & Kotler, S 2021, Bold: How to Go Big, Create Wealth and Impact the World, Kyiv: Laboratory.

9.   McAfee, A  &  Brynjolfsson, E 2019, Machine, platform, crowd.  How  to  tame  our  digital  future,  Kyiv:  Nash Format.

10.                           Robert, S. McNamara 2010, Papers. A Finding Aid to the Collection in the Library of Congress. Manuscript Division, Library of Congress Washington, D.C.

11.Russell, Stuart 2020, Human  Compatible:  Artificial  Intelligence  and  the  Problem  of  Control, translated  from  English by V. Zengan, Kyiv: Force Ukraine.

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Category: Uncategorised

author: Valentyna Ternopilska

Urgency of the research. The relevance of the study is due to the practical need to unite Ukrainian society through volunteering in connection with the Russian-Ukrainian war, which has become a serious challenge for Ukraine and the civilized world. Youth volunteering is one of the most promising and important areas of volunteer activity in Ukraine and the world, including through the educational sphere, volunteer platforms and organizations.

Target setting. The study of the ideological foundations of volunteering in education as a factor in integration processes is important for the integration of Ukrainian legislation into EU standards, taking into account international experience.

Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. The source base of the study is the work of Y. Blocha, O. Bilakovsky, R. Drapushko, P. Gorinov, E. Minenko, E. Panasenko, M. Lebed, K. Kvasha, D. Chudnovska, V. Bocsi, F. Hajnalka, V. Markos, X. Montagud, M. Estalayo, A. McFadden, K. Smeaton, which were the basis for the worldview of the integration of volunteerism in the educational sphere in Ukraine and the world.

The research objective.  Based on the analysis of Ukrainian and foreign scientific sources, it is necessary to determine: the worldview of youth volunteering; analyze current trends in volunteering in educational institutions, highlight current problems of introducing volunteering into the national educational system; offer own proposals for improving volunteering in the educational sphere.

The statement of basic materials. Philosophical science considers volunteering as a manifestation of individual goodwill, a way to be useful to society, a lifestyle and a sphere of freedom of activity. It also serves as a mechanism for gaining professional experience through the improvement of soft skills.

Today's youth have the opportunity to get acquainted with volunteering at school, and later develop relevant skills in vocational and technical education institutions, universities and various projects, which contributes to their civic activity and professional growth. 

Conclusions. It is determined that volunteering of Ukrainian youth is based on traditional worldview values such as humanism, spirituality, freedom of action, empathy and emotional intelligence, transparency of activity, patriotism, which is manifested through the desire to be useful to their country, veterans, civilians, and other categories of people in need. It is important to acquire and develop creativity, leadership skills, the ability to take responsibility, critical thinking, expanding professional communication, activism and professionalism skills through participation in volunteer projects.

Keywords: philosophy of volunteering, Ukrainian philosophical discourse, philosophy of freedom, philosophy of goodwill, philosophical foundations of volunteering, educational sphere, inclusiveness of volunteering.

References:

1.       Blokha, Ya 2023, ‘Svitohliadni zasady volonterstva v Ukraini v umovakh viiny (Worldview foundations of volunteering in Ukraine in the context of war)’, Filosofski obrii, № 47, рр. 80-88. Dostupno: <https://philosobr.pnpu.edu.ua/article/view/282578/279264>. [3 Hruden 2024].

2.      Buriak-Habrys, I 2023, Volonterstvo zdobuvachiv osvity profesiino-tekhnichnykh navchalnykh zakladiv v umovakh voiennoho stanu (z dosvidu roboty) (Volunteering of students of vocational educational institutions under martial law (from work experience)). Dostupno: <https://uej.undip.org.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/671/697>. [3 Hruden 2024].

3.      Verkhovna Rada Ukrainy 2025, Verkhovna Rada  Ukrainy pryiniala Zakon shchodo spryiannia rozvytku volonterstva sered zdobuvachiv osvity (The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine adopted the Law on Promoting the Development of Volunteering among Education Applicants). Dostupno: <https://www.rada.gov.ua/news/razom/257407.html>. [3 Hruden 2024].

4.      Gorinov, P & Drapushko, R 2022, Volonterska diialnist v Ukraini: sotsialno-pravove doslidzhennia (Volunteering in Ukraine: socio-legal research). Monohrafiia, Kyiv : Derzhavnyi instytut simeinoi ta molodizhnoi polityky, 256 s.

5.      Gorinov, PV & Drapushko, RG 2022, ‘Stanovlennia natsionalnoi identychnosti ukraintsiv yak osnova natsionalnoi bezpeky Ukrainskoi derzhavy (Formation of the national identity of Ukrainians as the basis of the national security of the Ukrainian state)’, Yurydychnyi naukovyi elektronnyi zhurnal (Legal Scientific Electronic Journal), № 10, pp. 26-30. Dostupno: <http://lsej.org.ua/10_2022/2.pdf >. [3 Hruden 2024].

6.      Drapushko, RG, Gorinov, PV & Minenko, YeS 2022, ‘Efektyvnist zaluchennia molodi do pryiniattia upravlinskykh rishen (Efficiency of youth involvement in decision-making)’, Vcheni zapysky TNU imeni V.I. Vernadskoho. Seriia: Publichne upravlinnia ta administruvannia (Scientific Notes of V.I. Vernadsky TNU. Series: Public Administration and Management), Tom 33 (72), № 3, pp. 54-59.

7.      Lebid,  M, Kvasha, K & Chudnovska D 2024, Volonterstvo u formalnii osviti: buty chy ne buty? (Volunteering in formal education: to be or not to be?) Dostupno: <https://voxukraine.org/volonterstvo-u-formalnij-osviti-buty-chy-ne-buty>. [3 Hruden 2024].

8.     Panasenko, EA & Bilakovskyi, OI 2024, ‘Umovy rozvytku soft skills kompetentnostei u zdobuvachiv vyshchoi osvity: suchasni realii ta vyklyky (Conditions for the development of soft skills competencies in higher education students: modern realities and challenges)’, v Filosofiia osvity v umovakh suchasnykh vyklykiv: tsinnosti, stratehii, innovatsiini praktyky: Vseukrainska naukovo-praktychna onlain-konferentsiia, Poltava, Ukraina, s. 115-121. Dostupno: <https://pano.pl.ua/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Filosofiia-osvity-v-umovakh-suchasnykh-vyklykiv-2.pdf>. [10 Hruden 2024].

9.      Pokrovska miska rada Dnipropetrovskoi oblasti 2024, Predstavnytstvom Dytiachoho fondu OON (IuNISEF) v Ukraini ta Hromadskoiu orhanizatsiieiu “Ukrainska volonterska sluzhba” pidpysano Memorandum pro vzaiemorozuminnia (The UNICEF Representative Office in Ukraine and the NGO ‘Ukrainian Volunteer Service’ signed a Memorandum of Understanding). Dostupno: <https://pkrv.dp.gov.ua/news/predstavnuctvom-dutyachogo-fondu-oonyunisefv-ukrayini-ta-gromadskoyu-organizacieyu-ukrayinska-volonterska-sluzhba-pidpusano-memorandum-pro-vzaemorozuminnya-10641>. [9 Hruden 2024].

10.  Ukrainska Volonterska Sluzhba 2024, Rol volonterstva u zhytti shkoliariv: Vseukrainske doslidzhennia (The Role of Volunteering in the Life of Schoolchildren: All-Ukrainian study). Dostupno: <https://dl-ureport.s3.amazonaws.com/story_attachments/%C3%90%C3%90%C2%BE%C3%91%C3%90%C3%91%C3%90%C3%90%C3%90%C2%B5%C3%90%C2%BD%C3%90%C2%BD%C3%91_%C3%90%C3%90%C2%BE%C3%90%C3%91_%C3%90%C2%B2%C3%90%C2%BE%C3%90%C3%90%C2%BE%C3%90%C2%BD-story-b6b6f4f4-e846-4250-aed9-5baeac3aa03a.pdf>.  [9 Hruden 2024].

11.   Bocsi V, Hajnalka F & Markos V 2017, ‘Motives of volunteering and values of work among higher education students’, Citizenship Social and Economic Education, № 16(2), р. 117-131. Available from : <https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318582423_Motives_of_volunteering_and_values_of_work_among_higher_education_students>. [3 December 2024].

12.  Latham, M 2003, Young Volunteers: The Benefits of Community Service, Extension | University of Nevada, Reno, FS-03-23. Available from : <https://extension.unr.edu/publication.aspx?PubID=4307>. [3 December 2024].

13.  Montagud, X & Estalayo M. 2024, Volunteering among social work students: satisfaction, motives and benefits. When the emotional transcends the academic. Available from : <https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02615479.2024.2438257?src>. [10 December 2024].

14.  McFadden, A & Smeaton, K 2017, ‘Amplifying Student Learning through Volunteering’,  Journal of University Teaching & Learning Practice, Vol. 14, Iss. 3, Art. 6. Available from :  <https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1170180.pdf>. [3 December 2024].

15.  Ukrainian World Congress 2023, Ukraine ranks second in World Giving Index. Available from :  <https://www.ukrainianworldcongress.org/ukraine-ranks-second-in-world-giving-index/>. [9 December 2024].

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