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Maria Novosad
Svitlana Bilous
Oksana Tereshkun
Lilia Borysevych
Urgency of the research. The most pressing problem is the liberation of the temporarily occupied Ukrainian territories from Russian troops, as well as the rehabilitation of Ukraine`s destroyed infrastructure and cultural heritage. In the context of comprehension of the consequences of the Russian-Ukrainian war, a comprehensive approach to the research of the reconstruction of destroyed and damaged historical architectural monuments of culture, art, the return of illegally exported movable exhibits, paintings, artefacts and other archaeological finds that constitute the cultural heritage of Ukraine will be valuable. The article provides a philosophical analysis and an art history assessment of lost architectural structures, destroyed museums, theatres, cinemas, libraries, etc. The current need to borrow the experience and support of European countries in rebuilding the infrastructure of cities and rural settlements destroyed by the occupation is noted as an urgent priority. There is a need for a special commission, comprising various experts, landscape design specialists, architects, art historians, cultural historians, monumentologists, who would be able to work together to develop restoration projects for complex and commemorative artistic structures. The state of development of issues on the prospects of joint work with international structures, organizations and partners, allowing Ukraine‘s international integration in the cultural space is proving to be ambiguous.
Target setting. The importance of the issue grows as the scale of the destruction of Ukraine`s cultural heritage increases every time during the Russian-Ukrainian war and reaches irreparable losses. In order to successfully address the important issue, there is a need to study and justify international proposals for further improving and increasing the effectiveness of measures for the preservation of Ukraine`s cultural heritage. Analysis of directions for EU and US cooperation guides the development of new mechanisms in the application of practical measures to rebuild Ukraine`s devastated urban infrastructure and territorial communities. The State is looking for the necessary resources to develop important projects for the return and preservation of cultural heritage so that the cultural memory is not destroyed for the next generations.
Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. The research on this issue has been carried out on the basis of numerous news reports from Internet resources on destroyed, ruined and damaged examples of cultural heritage during the armed aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine. The importance of the UNESCO Convention (1972), the Law of Ukraine "On Protection of Cultural Heritage" (2005) and the Law on Amendments to the Law of Ukraine "On Protection of Cultural Heritage" (2010, 2015) were analyzed. Scientific researches that provide theoretical knowledge of particular areas of art, and cultural values that are entered in the State Register of Immovable Monuments and are damaged, illegally exported, or totally destroyed are special. The works of M. Dragan, which outline the artistic styles of sacred architecture, reveal the creative personality of artists and outline incredible original examples of decorative carving, in particular, "Ukrainian wooden churches", "Ivan Rudkovych and the formation of realism in the Ukrainian painting of the XVII century, deserve attention. ", "Ukrainian Decorative Carving of the XVI-XVIII Centuries". Arts studies by N. Golubets "Ukrainian Art", "Galician Painting", V. Scherbakovsky "Ukrainian Art". L. Milyaeva's fundamental mono-graphs related to the unique art of certain historical periods, such as "Potelich Stenography: Liberation Struggle of Ukrainian People in the Art of the XVII Century" and "Ukrainian Medieval Painting". A significant source of cultural and philosophical ideas expressed in the art of Ukrainian icon painting, engraving and graphics was thorough scientific research by D. Stepovyk "Ukrainian graphics of XVI-XVII centuries: the evolution of the image system", "Treasures of Ukraine", "History of the Ukrainian icon", "Ukrainian engraving" Baroque. Theoretical and historical analysis of works of art and phenomena was made by art critics (O. Avramenko, O. Martyniuk, V. Sidorenko), and description, analysis and interpretation of works of art were given by artists (S. Savchuk, O. Baishev, O. Tistol, A. Savadov ). A wide range of museological problems, particularly theoretical ones, relating to the fund work of museums, preservation of cultural heritage by making collections of Ukrainian art are considered by Ukrainian researchers: S. Kot, G. Mezentseva, G. Skrypnyk, J. Bondarchuk, S. Dmytrukh, A. Tsybko.
The research objective. To prove that Russia`s occupation of the territories since 2014 (Crimea, Donetsk and Luhansk regions) and full-scale war since February 24, 2022, has entailed the loss of a large number of Ukraine`s cultural heritage monuments. Identify important factors that will assist the State in the recovery of cultural heritage in the post-war period, which will facilitate Ukraine`s integration into the international cultural space. Analyse war-damaged historical-cultural monuments in the context of philosophical and cultural analysis. Reveal the significance in the preservation of the cultural heritage of the current UNESCO Conventions and the Law of Ukraine "On Protection of Cultural Heritage". Rethink the value of the lost cultural patrimony, which was entered in the State Register of Immovable Monuments of Ukraine and illegally removed by the Russian occupiers.
The statement of basic materials. The article describes the statistics of cultural heritage monuments in Ukraine, which are listed by UNESCO and have been destroyed, ruined and damaged during the armed aggression of Russian forces. The global problem of modernity that emerged from the 2014-2022 Russo-Ukrainian war is the loss of cultural heritage and artistic styles that reflect the historical life of the state through the language of art. Cultural heritage is not only architectural sacral temples, monasteries, theatres, cinemas, museums, exhibition halls, libraries, public buildings, parks, and squares, but also moving monuments of cultural origin: spiritual books, tableware (chalice), icons, frescoes, mosaics, jewellery belonging to the arts and crafts, films, literary works, museum collections, exhibits, works of fine art, artefacts from archaeological finds reproducing one of the areas of artistic culture - the Art. The historical, cultural and spiritual-artistic heritage is a major resource for the strategic development of the state and an important component of Ukrainian culture, defining the civilisation and cultural potential of the nation. There is an apt statement that saving culture is at the same time-saving people, which might suggest that by saving cultural heritage Ukrainians are defending their own national identity.
Conclusions. Ukraine`s cultural heritage is a fundamental source for the formation of national consciousness and the growth of the nation`s spiritual development. It influences the self-identification of the nation in subsequent periods of development and acts as one of the dominant value achievements of the state. It has been established that people`s attitude towards monuments of cultural heritage is an indicator of the level of development of a State and the spiritual maturity of its citizens. It is recognised that the territories occupied by Russia since 2014 (Crimea, Donetsk and Luhansk regions) and full-scale war since February 24, 2022, have led to great loss and destruction of Ukraine`s historical-cultural heritage. Because of the fighting, it has been impossible for Ukrainian and international experts to access the sites to monitor their condition. Attention has been drawn to the targeting of state authorities to protect cultural monuments and the implementation of the prescriptions of UNESCO Conventions, which will contribute to the overall improvement of cultural heritage preservation and restoration with the involvement of international organisations as the integration of Ukraine into the EU. Philosophical and cultural analysis is used, based on the example of selected historical-cultural monuments that have been destroyed, which guides the further development of scientific research. The solution to the cultural issues that the state was faced with during the war requires a differentiated approach to analysing the problem and providing an objective assessment by specialists of ruined structures, taking into account and using the best world achievements accumulated by the international community in the practice of protecting historical and cultural monuments. The problem of the loss of cultural heritage in Ukraine needs a Ukrainian victory, the participation of conscious Ukrainians in the restoration of lost architectural structures and other cultural values, and cooperation with international partners on spiritual and cultural projects to revive cultural heritage.
Key words: cultural heritage, philosophical and cultural analysis, monument conservation, legislative framework; artefacts, exhibits, museums, theatres, artworks.
References
Olga Kyvliuk, Olha Zadorozhna, Iryna Mordous
Urgency of the research on this topic is due to the lack of definition of the concept of responsible citizenship within contemporary conceptual theories of the philosophy of law. The essence and content crisis of positive law in its empirical plane and the partial neglect of the significance of the social-value needs of human freedom, justice, and equality in the context of natural law, strengthen the scientific debate among philosophers, lawyers, sociologists, legislators, politicians, economists, educators on the need to substantiate the conceptual and categorical apparatus of the phenomenon of responsible citizenship within the ontology of law.
Target setting. The formation and development of responsible citizenship are not confined to organizational and managerial, legal, political-economic, and state-directed processes in the context of the legal reality of positive law, but require the consolidation of certain substantive positions of the dialectical dichotomy of natural and positive law. The concept and phenomenon of responsible citizenship in the context of the formation of a socio-legally responsible society requires a theoretical grounding in conceptual and substantive conceptualization within the framework of social philosophy and philosophy of law.
Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. In our study we relied on the works of domestic scientists: philosophers - N. Brovko, E. Manujlov, Y. Kalynovskyi, psychologists - S. Baranova, A. Furman, educators - S. Babushko, V. Prymak, M. Yeshchenko, etc.; and foreign scholars: Will Kymlicka, Fazel Ebrihiam Freeks, Tomoaki Miyazaki, Marie Jolliff Bryant, Clint Le Bruyns etc.
The research objective. Define and theorise the conceptual and categorical foundations of 'responsible citizenship' in the field of philosophy of law.
The statement of basic material. The article examines the concept of responsible citizenship in the field of philosophy of law through the prism of modern conceptual interpretations, the principle of historicism, the hermeneutic approach, and the empirical legal and socio-political orientation of society. Responsible citizenship can be described as an interdisciplinary, integrated, interactive phenomenon, which on the one hand is a factor of law or legal practice and on the other hand, is a complex of established ideas, feelings, national traditions, perceptions, views, etc., of individuals on legal, socio-political, economic, cultural, state phenomena and processes.
Conclusions. Responsible citizenship is not only a certain norm of legal behaviour, communication, and coexistence of state and citizen, but also an awareness of its significance, the need for its production, and the readiness of the subject to manage and self-control. For that reason, the responsible citizenship phenomenon cannot be considered only within positive legal awareness, for it is shaped by legal awareness in terms of the natural law of its moral idealism, but still in the context of the duality of existing legal conceptions.
Keywords: responsible citizenship, philosophy of law, positive law, natural law, legal awareness.
References
Olena Honcharova
Urgency of the research. Military actions on the territory of Ukraine caused a natural disorganization in the educational process in domestic schools and universities. The inability to adhere to the established schedule of classes, which is caused by problems with access to the Internet and by the danger for participants of the learning process, does not allow to "synchronize clocks" and be in a single stream of educational practices.
Target setting. The peculiarity of Ukraine's educational system during the war is that the challenge of the COVID-19 pandemic has become a kind of hardening it for endurance. Thus, the transition to distance education, developing skills on online educational platforms for pupils, students and teachers, and – which is most important ‑ the development of the ability to organize their time in the absence of direct control, contributed to the temporal synchronicity of the learning process along with the loss of its narrative. However, despite the spatial disconnection and temporal gaps in the learning process, its participants were in a single stream of educational practices. In a situation of war, temporal gaps are added, caused by the inability of all participants to have free access to the Internet and to be fully secure. This calls into question the preservation of systematicity in the educational practices, and, consequently, raises the question of their effectiveness.
Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. Both foreign and domestic scientists have comprehensively studied the synchronicity in the educational process which is influenced by Internet technologies. Thus, foreign scientists M. Bunn, A. Bennet, P. J. Burke, E. L. Carpenter, A. M. Adams, R. C. Chick, M. C. Stull, D. F. Hale, B. W. Propper, T. J Vreeland and others focused on changing temporality in online educational practices, and such researchers as V. Johansson, J. Stenlund, N. F. Johnson, H. Keane, H. Jordheim, E. Ytreberg, Y. M. Kalman, D. I. Ballard, A. M. Aguilar, C Öhman, C. Pagán Cánovas, M. Ryan, M. Ryan identified the features of synchronous communication on the Internet. Domestic researchers V. Voronkova, O. Kyvliuk , Y. Boreiko, N Dorfman, A. Sakun, I. Mordous, K. Sokolova, M. Trynyak, O. Yakymchuk, V. Voznyak, N. Lipin and others described aspects of the transformation of the individual, who is in the environment of the information society and is influenced by endless flows of various data. However, since the situation of war and forced distance education in Ukraine is fundamentally new one, this issue needs to be comprehensively considered in its new connotation.
The research objective. It is necessary to determine how it is possible to maintain the principle of narrative in distance learning in military conditions and to minimize its temporal gaps so that all its participants are in a relatively uniform flow of educational practices; it is necessary to determine what modified tasks the education system must face in the conditions of war in order for it to adequately respond to the challenges of the current situation.
The statement of basic material. Russia's war against Ukraine was the second major challenge for the entire national education system since the COVID-19 pandemic. The inability of pupils, students and teachers to fully adhere to the established schedule of classes has created so-called temporal gaps in the rhythms of the learning process, jeopardized the orderliness of this work, which only in its systematic organization can show significant results. At the same time, studying during the war, and especially in the socio-humanitarian disciplines, cannot be stopped, because, on the one hand, it provides students with the skills of storing information in the context of information attacks; on the other hand, being in the learning process today is an important recreational resource for pupils and students, as well as for teachers and lecturers, as it shifts attention to constructive activities and to some extent structures the time of respondents. Obviously, in a situation of war it is needed to affirm the new goals and objectives for the educational process in order for it to continue to be effective in emergencies.
Conclusions. Today, when conducting hostilities on the territory of Ukraine, it is necessary to get rid of the illusion that adherence to a single, time-tested schedule is an appropriate educational practice. It will only create additional stress and neurosis for both teachers and students, as there are no objective conditions for its implementation. Instead, emphasis should be placed on discursive narrative educational tools that can be conducted in a distance, while maintaining the aspect of narrative communication between teachers and learners. Preserved communication, communication between teachers and students in the learning process, exchange of views between them in the process of distance discussion of urgent socio-humanitarian problems and information challenges forms the main goal that can be achieved today in the educational process in time of war.
Keywords: war, educational process, temporal gap, temporality, information storing, information society.
References
Valentyna Voronkova, Vitalina Nikitenko, Gennadiy Vasyl’chuk
Urgency of the research is that today in the post-pandemic COVID-19 should be formed socially responsible management as a factor in overcoming crisis effectiveness of the post-pandemic COVID-19, in which its paradigm would permeate all institutions and other social systems.
Target setting. It is important to study the conceptual aspects of socially responsible management as a complex adaptive system that contributes to the successful adaptation of management and man to systemic change, overcoming stochasticity, the emergence and maintenance of stability at all levels of society. Socially responsible governance is the result of understanding the depth of human existence and potential, meeting the needs of security, based on ensuring a degree of internal order that helps to overcome disorganization, disorder and uncertainty in both social and individual life.
Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. In the presented research on the conceptualization of socially responsible management, we focus on our own developments: R. Andryukaitene, V. Voronkova, О. Kyvliuk, V. Nikitenko, R. Oleksenko, A. Cherep, O. Cherep and other scientists.
The research objective. Conceptualize new formation and development aspects of socially responsible management, through which society must emerge from the crisis and move to a stability level.
The statement of basic material. The article is devoted to the study conceptual aspects of socially responsible management as a factor overcoming the crisis effectiveness of the COVID-19 pandemic. Socially responsible manage-ment permeates all social spheres: communication, behaviour, subordination of managers with subordinates, commu-nication, information and communication process, information production, health care, human existence of an individual.
Conclusions. Socially responsible management is analyzed, which is firmly integrated into a complex set of economic, financial, social, cultural, information relations and creates a number of problems that require their solution in order to form a sustainable social development; models of social protection and institutional support of socially responsible governments in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic are investigated; digital technological manage-ment models in European Union countries as a factor in overcoming the crisis in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic are revealed.
Keywords: socially responsible management, pandemic COVID-19, sustainable development of society, social protection model, digitalization.
References
Volodymyr Yevtukh
Urgency of the research is due to the prominent role of such type of research and educational institution as an university in the social development of any country and the intense dynamics of scientific discourse that takes place throughout the history of the phenomenon in the educational space and beyond. It is primarily about clarifying the content of the concept of “university”, and especially about the theoretical and practical aspects of its impact on social processes.
Target setting. Given the above-mentioned role of the university in past and contemporary societies, it is important to study the changes that took place within the phenomenon and how they correlated with changes (social, cultural, etc.) and their relationship at the present stage. The elucidation of the essence of such correlations is largely achieved through the analysis of scientific discourse, which constantly accompanies the university from the very beginning to the current trends in its development. At a mentioned point, special emphasis is placed in this article.
Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. In this context, it should be noted that the study of the phenomenon of “university” became relevant after the Second World War and at the end of the XX - in the first twenty years of the XXI century. This is evidenced by the sources cited in this paper and processed during its preparation for publication. The analysis of publications as a result of scientific discourse revealed another feature - this phenomenon is studied quite intensively in foreign scientific and educational space, especially in its North American and European components, and recently scientists from Asian countries are actively involved in this process. Among those who have made a significant contribution to the study of the “university” phenomenon and the peculiarities of its development in various parts of history are Rudīte Anderson, Miloš Broćić and Andrew Miles, Jörg Dollman, Simon Marginson, Adam Nelson, Robert Nisbet, Zande Rubene, Hilde Ridder-Simmons, Walter Rüegg, Michael Serge, Hugo Hort, Michael Shattock and others. As for Ukraine, in terms of research and scientific discourse, they are only unfolding here (Victor Andrushchenko, Vil Bakirov, Volodymyr Bekh, Nataliya Demyanenko, Volodymyr Yevtukh, Nataliya Mozgova, Olena Khomiriki, Yevhen Pinchuk). However, recently the public space of the country is intensively saturated with discussions, in which the practical aspect of the fate of universities prevails (as evidenced by some of the publications mentioned in this article).
The research objective. Based on the analysis of works by foreign and Ukrainian authors and other publications, to recreate the essence of the phenomenon of “university” in its historical dynamics, the aim is to show the main current trends and highlight current issues of discussion around its development and offer sketches of university models of socially oriented learning.
The statement of basic materials. A sufficient range of works of researchers and publications allows to form an idea of the university phenomenon in terms of its history, its dynamics, longevity of traditions, controversial views of theorists and practitioners on the prospects of its development, correlations between research and educational practices in the university itself and as to the challenges of contemporary social processes.
Conclusions. In this article, the university is presented as a dynamic body with a clearly defined historical longevity, in which each component (science, educational process, service delivery) plays a role. Careful elaboration of materials on this topic gives me reason to emphasize the following points: the university is a community of teachers and scientists; intellectual community built around academic disciplines and future professions; mobilizer of social innovations; moral institution; an example of consistency in the development of knowledge; the center of formation of the atmosphere of tolerance in relations between the actors of the scientific and educational process; introduction of the principles of social corporate responsibility for the scientific and educational process and its consequences.
Keywords: university, scientific and educational process, educational space, socially oriented learning, University of socially oriented learning, intellectual infrastructure of university, social corporate responsibility.
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