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author: Valentyna Kuryliak
Urgency of the research. Healthy lifestyle, features of its forms and manifestations have been the subject of many discussions in recent decades. This is primarily due to the requirements of modern medicine, cosmetology, maintaining a healthy gene pool, longevity and more. Researching the history of the principles of a healthy lifestyle and the biography of those who stood at its origins is a relevant and interesting task for researchers. John Harvey Kellogg, a well-known American physician, was one of the powerful proponents of health principles.
Target setting. A key dilemma in the study of his biography and work is to understand how John Harvey Kellogg combined practical medicine, publishing, invention, authorship of many philosophical and theological works, and his own philosophy of health, to which he devoted his entire life.
Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. The work is based on the work of fellow American researchers, whose compatriot was John Harvey Kellogg, so based on the mention of Kellogg in their work and published information about him by Seventh-day Adventists, we constructed a single canvas biographical information and activities of a famous doctor.
The research objective. The main task of the article is to outline a biographical background and key aspects of John Harvey Kellogg's work in promoting a healthy lifestyle.
The statement of basic materials. It was discovered that John Harvey Kellogg, with the help and financial support of the White family, began studying to become a doctor at the age of fourteen and headed the Battle Creek Sanatorium at a young age, which under his leadership soon became a world-famous health resort. The publishing activity of Kellogg, who was able to raise the popularity of the magazine “Good Health”, repeatedly published his ideas and recommendations in the field of healthy living. Kellogg has repeatedly heard warnings from Ellen White about trying to separate the Sanatorium from the Seventh-day Adventist Church, namely to make the institution non-denominational without promoting Adventist religious ideas. An inventor, a surgeon, a promoter of a healthy lifestyle, a lecturer who has given about five thousand public speeches – these are just some of the things he has managed to do in his life.
Conclusions. John Harvey Kellogg is a well-known figure, known throughout the world for his health work, but his pantheism and eugenics have left a mixed mark on religion, especially in the Adventist community, where he has spent much of his life.
Key words: John Harvey Kellogg, healthy lifestyle, medical activities, biographical information.
References
1. About Kellogg Company n.d., Kellogg’s. Available from: <https://www.kelloggcompany.com/en_US/about-kellogg-company.html> [02 July 2021].
2. Balmer, B 1991. ‘John Harvey Kellogg and the Seventh-Day Adventist Health Movement’, MA thesis, Department of American Studies and the Graduate School of The University of Wyoming, p. 134.
3. Jackson, LS, Dudrick, SJ & Sumpio, BE 2004. ‘John Harvey Kellogg; Surgeon, Inventor,Nutritionist (1852–1943)’, Journal of the American College of Surgeons, vol. 199, no. 5, pp. 817–821. Available from: <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2004.05.279> [04 July 2021].
4. Lampkin, A 2000. ‘A critical study of the Seventh-Day Adventist health teaching tradition in light of the contemporary situation of public health and globalization’, PhD dissertation, Vanderbilt University.
5. Wilson, B 2014. Dr. John Harvey Kellogg and the religion of biologic living, Indiana University Press, Bloomington & Indianapolis.
author: Liudmyla Lehka
Urgency of the research is determined by the need to study the basics of quantum informatics in general secondary education institutions as a promising technological direction, defined as one of the priorities in many countries. It is about controlling quantum computers, which in the future will be able to significantly speed up the execution of algorithms to solve complex optimization, simulation, cryptography and similar problems.
Target setting. Significant components of the goal of education are all-around human development, formation of values and competencies necessary for its successful self-realization. This leads to the advanced and innovative nature of education and the necessity of its modernization on the basis of the systematic, methodologically grounded introduction of quantum informatics foundations into the informatics education sector.
Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. While the development of classical computers continues unabated, the pace of quantum technology is gaining momentum and quantum computers will by no means eliminate classical computers, is a reality. In many countries around the world (USA, China, EU countries, etc.) the development of quantum technologies are supported legislatively and financially.
The research objective is to analyse the prospects, opportunities and readiness of studying quantum informatics in general secondary education institutions.
In order to achieve the goal, the following tasks were set: 1. to generalize and systematize information about training of quantum experts at the level of higher education. 2. to substantiate perspectives and outline possibilities of study of quantum informatics basics by high school students.
The statement of basic materials. Information about curricula of quantum-oriented content disciplines and training of quantum specialists at different levels of higher education in Ukrainian institutions is systematized. The necessity of propaedeutics of quantum technologies training in institutions of general secondary education is substantiated. Examples of the world and Ukrainian practices of popularization of quantum technologies among students of high school age are given.
Conclusions. 1. The list of educational disciplines of quantum-oriented content, as well as the training of quantum specialists at different levels of higher education, is becoming widespread every academic year, including in Ukraine (starting from 2017). 2. Taking into consideration prospects of quantum technologies use, world and Ukrainian experience of their popularization for different audiences (among specialists, future specialists, students), demand for specialists in the quantum field, we propose to organize systematized teaching of quantum technologies basics to senior school-age students.
Keywords: quantum computer, quantum simulator, propaedeutic teaching of quantum computer science, IBM Quantum.
References
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10. Hlushkov, OV, Khetselius, OYu, Svynarenko, AA & Buyadzhy, VV 2020. Matematychni osnovy kvantovoho kompʺyutynhu. Sylabus navchalʹnoyi dystsypliny. (Mathematical foundations of quantum computing. The syllabus of the discipline), Odeskyy derzhavnyy ekolohichnyy universytet, Odesa. Dostupno: <http://eprints.library.odeku.edu.ua/id/eprint/7710/>. [21 lypnya 2021].
11. Hnatenko, Kh 2020. ‘Kvantovi kompyutery: sohodennya ta maybutnye (Quantum computers: the present and the future)’, Kolosok, № 5, s. 2-7. Dostupno: <https://e-kolosok.org/khrystyna-hnatenko-neymovirne-u-kvantovomu-sviti/>. [21 lypnya 2021].
12. Hnatenko, Kh 2020. ‘Neymovirne u kvantovomu sviti (The unbelievable in a quantum world)’, Kolosok, № 4, s. 2-7. Dostupno: <https://e-kolosok.org/khrystyna-hnatenko-neymovirne-u-kvantovomu-sviti/>. [21 lypnya 2021].
13. Hnatenko, KP, Tkachuk, VM, Chornodolskyy, YaM & Samar, MI 2020. Kvantovi kompʺyutery ta kvantove prohramuvannya. Osvitno-profesiyna prohrama (Quantum computers and quantum programming. Educational and professional program), Lvivskyy natsionalnyy universytet imeni Ivana Franka, Lviv. Dostupno: <https://physics.lnu.edu.ua/wp-content/uploads/OP_bak_kvant_comp_2020.pdf>. [21 lypnya 2021].
14. Lehka, L, Shokalyuk, S & Bohunenko, Ye 2021. ‘Propedevtyka vyvchennya kvantovoyi informatyky u profilʹniy (starshiy) shkoli (Propaedeutics of studying quantum computer science in a specialized (high) school)’, Fizyko-matematychna osvita, 28 (2), pp. 51–56. doi: 10.31110/2413-1571-2021-028-2-009. [21 lipnya 2021].
15. Mayzelis, ZO 2017. Suchasni problemy fizyky: kvantovyy kompyuter. Robocha prohrama navchalʹnoyi dystsypliny (Modern problems of physics: the quantum computer. Working program of the discipline), Kharkivskyy natsionalnyy universytet imeni V. N. Karazina, Kharkiv. Dostupno: <http://kaf-theor-phys.univer.kharkov.ua/Robochi%20programy/Rob_pr_navch_dysc_2017-2018/Zag_kursy_PDFs%20for%20Site/Kvantovyy_komputer_2017-18_osv_nauk_prof.pdf>. [21 lypnya 2021].
16. Natsionalnyy instytut stratehichnykh doslidzhen 2020. Analitychna dopovid do shchorichnoho Poslannya Prezydenta Ukrayiny do Verkhovnoyi Rady Ukrayiny “Pro vnutrishnye ta zovnishnye naselennya Ukrayiny” (Analytical Report to the Annual Address of the President of Ukraine to the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine "On the Internal and External Population of Ukraine"), Kyyiv. Dostupno: < https://niss.gov.ua/publikacii/poslannya-prezidenta-ukraini/analitichna-dopovid-do-schorichnogo-poslannya-prezidenta-4>. [21 lypnya 2021].
17. Nosov, VV 2018. Kvantovi obchyslennya i kryptohrafiya. Prohrama navchalnoyi dystsypliny (Quantum computing and cryptography. Curriculum of the discipline), Kharkivskyy natsionalnyy universytet vnutrishnikh sprav, Kharkiv. Dostupno: <https://lib.univd.edu.ua/?action=predmet&id=107639>. [21 lypnya 2021]
18. Pinkevych, IP, Dmytruk, IM, Yeshchenko, OA & Kravchenko, VM 2018. Kvantovi kompyutery, obchyslennya, informatsiya. Osvitno-naukova prohrama na zdobuttya osvitnoho stepenyu Mahistr, za spetsialnistyu “104 Fizyka ta astronomiya” (Quantum computers, calculations, information. Educational and scientific program for obtaining a master's degree, specialty “104 Physics and Astronomy”). Kyyivskyy natsionalnyy universytet imeni T. H. Shevchenka, Kyyiv. Dostupno: <https://www.phys.univ.kiev.ua/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/onp_magistry_kvant_komp_obch_inf_last_03_12_2018.pdf>. [21 lypnya 2021].
19. Ponomarov, OH 2020. Kvantovi tekhnolohiyi v kompyuterniy tekhnitsi. Sylabus navchalnoyi dystsypliny. (Quantum technologies in computer technology. The syllabus of the discipline), Sumskyy derzhavnyy universytet, Sumy. Dostupno: <https://ekt.elit.sumdu.edu.ua/images/PDF_documents/CLBS/3.pdf>. [21 lypnya 2021].
20. Semerikov, SO 2020. Kvantove prohramuvannya. Sylabus navchalnoyi dystsypliny (Quantum programming. The syllabus of the discipline), Kryvorizkyy derzhavnyy pedahohichnyy universytet. Dostupno: <https://drive.google.com/file/d/1A2GxCYPl7bnKTUoUuPMFETXVqzHkiSVN/view>. [21 lypnya 2021].
21. Tkachuk, VM, Hnatenko, KhP, Chornodolskyy, YAM & Samar, MI 2021. Kvantovi kompyutery ta kvantove prohramuvannya. Osvitno-naukova prohrama (Quantum computers, calculations, information. Educational and scientific program), Lvivskyy natsionalnyy universytet imeni Ivana Franka, Lviv. Dostupno: <https://physics.lnu.edu.ua/wp-content/uploads/OP_mag_kvant_comp_1.9_2021.pdf>. [21 lypnya 2021].
author: Anastasia Ovchatova
Urgency of the research. The article analyzes the state and level of STEM education implementation in Ukraine. The key advantages of STEM education integration in the concept of the New Ukrainian School are identified, which are the acquisition of specific competencies and the development of students ’knowledge in certain and interdisciplinary fields related to innovation and technology.
Target setting. When establishing the degree of readiness of educational institutions to implement the basic requirements of STEM education. Namely, it is determined that the key problems of the implementation of the new education system are: mentality, the unpreparedness of teachers, half-heartedness, the learning process, the separation of subjects from each other, the lack of adequate facilities and so on.
Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. The issues of STEM education in Ukraine are usually dealt with by scientists who are developing the concept of implementing the New Ukrainian School. Researchers emphasize this issue in the context of adapting the new education system to Ukrainian educational realities, but in these works, the issue of moral and ethical education of schoolchildren, who are offered the principles of STEM education, is overlooked.
The research objective. Outline the problems and prospects for the implementation of STEM education in Ukraine.
The statement of basic materials. It has been established that despite significant obstacles and stereotypes regarding the introduction of STEAM education in Ukraine, this process is inevitable, as leading Ukrainian educators claim that the previous Soviet concept of education is utopian and ineffective. It is determined that if Ukraine aspires to become a leading European state, then changing the education system is the main factor of success. It is stated that in the conditions of transition to the New modernized Ukrainian school the introduction of STEM education remains the most priority direction of the educational system of Ukraine. It is determined that due to the consolidation of efforts the introduction of STEAM education is becoming one of the real goals of the New Ukrainian School. Only in the last few years, the legal framework for the implementation of STEAM in Ukraine has been created, the Web-STEAM-school is working, the collection of materials "STEM-week" is published, scientific conferences are systematically held, a virtual STEM-center is opened, which is a huge step forward.
Conclusions. The developers of the New Ukrainian School have proposed ways to solve problems that hinder the introduction of new methods of education. The vectors of further development of this area and the results they will be able to provide have been identified, but until the key issues that hinder the full implementation of STEM education are resolved, this issue will remain open in the concept of the New Ukrainian School.
Key words: STEM-education, New Ukrainian school, Soviet model, pedagogical potential.
References:
1. Vasilashko, IP, Gorbenko, SL, Lozova, OV & Patrikeyeva, OO 2017. ‘Metodichni rekomendaciyi shodo vprovadzhennya STEM-osviti u zagalnoosvitnih ta pozashkilnih navchalnih zakladah Ukrayini na 2017 / 2018 navchalnij rik (Methodical recommendations on the implementation of STEM-education in secondary and out-of-school educational institutions of Ukraine for the 2017/2018 academic year)’, Metodist, № 8, s. 37–43.
2. Vasilashko, IP, Patrikyeeva, OO & Bulavska, LG 2020. Zbirnik materialiv ‘STEM-tizhden – 2020’ (Collection of materials ‘STEM-week - 2020’), Vidavnichij dim ‘Osvita’, Kiyiv.
3. Ivanyuk, TG & Martinyuk, OM 2018. ‘Problemi shkilnoyi matematichnoyi osviti ternopilskoyi oblasti ta shlyahi yih virishennya (Problems of school mathematical education of Ternopil region and ways to solve them)’, Suchasni informacijni tehnologiyi ta innovacijni metodiki navchannya: dosvid, tendenciyi, perspektivi, № 2, s. 193–196.
4. Kuzin, NP & Kolmakova, MN (eds) 1986. Ocherki istorii shkoly i pedagogicheskoj mysli narodov SSSR (Essays on the history of schools and pedagogical thought of the peoples of the USSR), Pedagogika, Moskva.
5. Morze, N n.d. Prezentaciya STEAM-osvita (STEAM education presentation), STEM-school. Dostupno: <https://www.stemschool.com/> [14 Cherven 2021].
6. Nova ukrayinska shkola (New Ukrainian school) 2016. Ministerstvo osviti i nauki Ukrayini, Kiyiv.
7. Novye napravleniya v disciplinah STEM (estestvennye nauki, tehnologii, inzheneriya i matematika) (New directions in STEM disciplines (science, technology, engineering and mathematics)) 2014. Dostupno: <http://iipdigital.usembassy.gov/st/russian/publication/2014/01 /20140109290208.html#ixzz4MHxzXHSz> [18 Cherven 2021].
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9. Prezentaciya ‘STEAM-osvita: innovacijna naukovo-tehnichna sistema navchannya (Presentation ‘STEAM-education: innovative scientific and technical education system) 2016. Institut pislyadiplomnoyi pedagogichnoyi osviti Kiyivskogo universitetu imeni Borisa Grinchenka. Dostupno: <http://ippo.kubg.edu.ua/content/11373> [15 Cherven 2021].
10. Pro stvorennya robochoyi grupi z pitan provadzhennya STEM-osviti v Ukrayini (On the establishment of a working group on the implementation of STEM education in Ukraine) 2016. Nakaz MON Ukrayini № 188 vid 29.02.2016 r. Dostupno: <https://imzo.gov.ua/2016/02/29/nakaz-mon-vid-29-02-2016-188-pro-utvorennya-robochoyi-grupi-z-pitan-vprovadzhennya-stem-osviti-v-ukrayini/> [16 Cherven 2021].
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author: Rostyslav Barabash
Urgency of the research. The article argues that xenophobia and racism have their origins in the philosophy of nihilism. The latter is characterized by the dominance of a monologue subject-centric paradigm of thinking, where the Other always appears as an Alien. Accordingly, the destructive energy of nihilism is aimed at the annihilation of the Alien. These and similar negative phenomena that occur in modern society always find a social basis for their development. The tendency of crime on the basis of discrimination is growing rapidly, so xenophobia and racism are one of the most important and acute problems not only at the applied political but also at the theoretical and philosophical level.
Target setting. Today, the problem of xenophobia and racism is not only a socio-political, but also a worldview problem of the I-Other relationship. With each passing year, the number of foreigners living in different countries is growing. The reasons for these phenomena are the increase in economic and social problems in society, the ineffective policy on the prevention of such phenomena in the youth trend, which is declining.
Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. The phenomenon of nihilism, which affects various spheres of human life, is considered in the works of A. Pigalev, T. Liutyi, A. Mikhailov, E. Se-verino, V. Savchuk, M. Siruk, P. Smirnov. Such scientists as O. Bandurka, M. Kroz, A. Gabiani, N. Ratinova, Y. Gilinsky, O. Dzhuzha, P. Sloterdaik, A. Zakalyuk, D. Kobzin and others were engaged in research of a problem of distribution of racism and xenophobia.
The research objective. The purpose of this article is a comprehensive theoretical analysis of xenophobia and racism in the light of the philosophy of nihilism, the study of issues in the context of finding effective and realistic ways to prevent and prevent this phenomenon.
The statement of basic material. At the heart of nihilism is the problem of the Self-Other relationship, the monologue of the autonomous, self-contained, narcissistic self-subject who objectifies the world and other people around him, does not perceive the difference, "otherness" in all its manifestations. The nihilistic attitude is set up for the perception of the Other as an enemy of the Alien, the destruction of everything that is not like the Self.
Conclusions. The provisions set out in the article on the cultural and psychological causes of racism and xenophobia only partially outline the broad and deep layer of deviantogenic social problems. Further areas of research are seen in expanding the understanding of the criminogenic determinative role of various forms of social consciousness, their states and configurations, the relationship with cultural, political and legal changes, changes in discourse and more.
Keywords. Xenophobia, racism, Other, Alien, nihilism, monologue, dialogicity.
References:
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author: Oleksandr Obiedkov
Urgency of research. Transhuma-nism is a fairly new direction for a number of scientific disciplines. Given the conditions in which the world finds itself in the XXI century, the above-mentioned idea is almost the main characteristic that describes in detail the formation of a new type of humanity. Transhumanism plays a significant role in understanding the phenomena of social life, helps to determine the real place of man in the system of modern worldview paradigms. In addition, globalization, the rapid development of science and the impact of the fourth industrial revolution, also known as "Industry 4.0", have left a serious mark on the essence of man, his character and values.
Transhumanism is gradually advancing in the life of the individual, but its basic postulates are perceived quite ambiguously.
Target setting. This topic has remained urgent in recent decades. Research in philosophy, sociology and number of other disciplines often converge at the point where each of them is forced to address the question of the fate of man, in the formation of which, both mental and physical, began to play a major role the various technologies. New direction of scientific thought, namely transhumanism, has emerged as the answer to these questions.
Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. Number of well-known domestic and foreign scientists have tried to reveal the essence of transhumanism, to analyze its benefits or to identify its potential dangers. To understand the philosophical and ethical aspects of this issue, a considerable set of scientific works was written. The works of N. Bostrom, G. Moravec, R. Kurzweil, J. Huxley, M. More, S. Fuller, J. Harris, A. Buchanan, and R. Sparrow deserve special attention. It is also necessary to thank Ukrainian scientific research. We are talking about the scientific articles of M. A. Ozhevan, V. V. Okorokova, M. L. Shumka, N. B. Kapustina, and L. O. Popsuenko, as well as the thesis of S. S. Denezhnikov. Particular attention should be paid to the views of the philosopher F. Fukuyama, who is one of the most famous critics of the idea of transhumanism.
The research objective. To answer the question of what exactly is transhumanism, we must begin with the preconditions for its emergence and explore in detail what path this paradigm has taken and determine its current state. Also, it is worth paying attention to the views of adherents and critics who have studied this phenomenon. And in the end, to determine whether transhumanism is the right way to truly improve the lives of humanity or another difficult test for our planet. The fundamental ideas of transhumanism were first proposed by a British biochemist J. Haldane. In his 1923 essay "Daedalus; or Science and the Future" he describes how scientific and technological discoveries can change society and improve the human condition. In this work, he predicted that the implementation of advanced sciences to human biology would bring great benefits.
These views inspired another researcher, who is still associated with the birth of transhumanism, namely J. Huxley, who first used the term "Transhumanism" in his work. Under it, Huxley understood humanity’s awareness of the need for self-improvement, or directed revolution.
Conclusions. The idea of transhumanism will be constantly implemented in each sphere of modern society. In the coming decades, thanks to technological progress, the latest scientific fields that will be formed through NBIC-convergence, man will move away from his standard nature, change his mental potential, behavioral component, value system. In terms of evolution, this is probably the way forward. However, we should not forget that man himself is an emotional, irrational being, and the total implementation of the works of the technological world will devastate him, turning it into a mechanism incapable of loving and sacrificing, having and carrying moral and aesthetic values. One way or another, the introduction of the idea of transhumanism requires a compromise between its adherentsf and supporters of conservative views on the social essence of the individual.
Keywords: transhumanism, the fourth industrial revolution, artificial intelligence, individual, N. Bostrom, Humanity+, NBIC-convergence, F. Fukuyama
References:
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