Religious Worldview in Orthodoxy at the Beginning of the 21st Century: Its Characteristics and Transformations

Relevance of the research. The crisis processes that have engulfed world Orthodoxy directly affect the Ukrainian religious environment. The obvious political and geopolitical factors that influence the development of the crisis of Orthodoxy are not able to explain all the features of today's conflicts. The distinction between closed and open types of religiosity proposed by Henri Bergson in 1932 has the greatest heuristic potential for explaining the ideological split within modern Orthodoxy.

Problem statement. The Ecumenical Patriarchate and leading theologians of the early 21st century are trying to develop the ideas of an open or dialogical Orthodoxy, which is based on the recognition of the dignity of the individual as called to communion with God. At the same time, the influence of fundamentalism is growing in Orthodoxy, which devalues the value of the human person, denies his rights and freedoms, and preaches the historical necessity of collectivism, authoritarianism, and totalitarianism. The confrontation between open and closed types of religiosity in Orthodoxy of the 21st century is both theoretical and practical in nature. Today, this confrontation has already become a struggle between two worldviews, and this phenomenon requires systematic understanding.

Analysis of recent research and publications. Today there is no objective scientific analysis of the characteristics and transformations of open and closed types of religiosity in modern Orthodoxy. There is only mutual criticism of theorists of each type of worldview, directed at opponents. Representatives of open Orthodoxy see in the very phenomenon of fundamentalism an ideological distortion of traditional Orthodoxy, and they perceive themselves as believers who are trying to renew the tradition, responding to the challenges of the present. Fundamentalists see in open Orthodoxy a heretical distortion of Orthodoxy in doctrine and practices, a modernist betrayal of Orthodoxy, a deviation into religious syncretism.

Research task. The aim of the study is to analyze the differences between open and closed types of religiosity in Orthodoxy through a phenomenological grasp and hermeneutic interpretation of the main structural elements of the religious worldview of Orthodox liberals and fundamentalists. Such structural elements of the religious worldview are: religious intuitions, religious knowledge, religious values, moral and cult practical principles, basic religious narratives. Today, representatives of open and closed Orthodoxy have clearly expressed features of each of the main elements of the religious worldview, and their analysis reveals the deep nature of the ideological conflict in Orthodoxy at the beginning of the 21st century.

Main material presentation. The difference between the open and closed types of worldview in modern Orthodoxy is due not so much to the addition of ideological superstructures to the religious worldview, but to radical differences at the level of each element of the religious worldview from its core in religious intuitions to the periphery of religious narratives. Of particular importance are the opposing characteristics of such structural elements of the worldview as knowledge, values, principles of moral and cult behavior. All this proves that the modern crisis phenomena in Orthodoxy are of a fundamental nature, which can lead to tragic consequences for this confessional tradition.

Conclusions. A systematic analysis of the differences between open and closed types of religiosity in Orthodoxy has been carried out through a phenomenological grasp and hermeneutic interpretation of the main structural elements of the religious worldview of Orthodox liberals and fundamentalists. Radical contradictions have been revealed at the level of each element of the worldview, which are religious intuitions, religious knowledge, religious values, moral and cult practical principles, and basic religious narratives.