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Urgency of the research. The range of problems of hermeneutics, principles of interpretation of the cultural phenomena, appeared highly sought in history, philology, study of art, researches of culture, literary criticism and various frontier disciplines. The hermeneutics of presence that was developed M. Heidegger and possible ways her further transformation is examined in the article.

Target setting. Question about correlation of hermeneutics of M. Heidegger to the period of "Existence and time" and hermeneutics after the "turn" of middle of 30th, is near-term for understanding of studies of the Germany thinker in his integrity. It a question inevitable appears before the researcher of his hermeneutics. An important problem is influence or degree of influence that is done by ontology, theory of language and hermeneutics of M. Heidegger on further development of researches in this problem. It`s about the theory of philosophical hermeneutics of H.-G. Gadamer, that we to consider, as a direct continuer of matter of the teacher, though with a certain specific that touches foremost determination of base a hermeneutics.

Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. This question repeatedly became the article of consideration in philosophical literature of the last decades. Among the most noticeable works it is possible to mark research: M. Kusch [11], J. Grondin [7], R. Coltman [5], O. Pöggeler [12], A. V. Lavruhina [2] and also dissertation of M. Kozlova [1], in that the important copulas of philosophical hermeneutics of H.-G. Gadamer open up with conception of poetic work.

The research objective. To consider historical transformations of hermeneutics M. Heidegger and hermeneutics of presence that was developed by a philosopher and possible ways her further transformation.

The statement of basic materials. Hermeneutics of presence, developed by M. Heidegger, and possible ways of its further transformation are considered. This tendency was embodied and developed in the project of philosophical hermeneutics H.-G. Gadamer, who focuses not on the analytics of presence, but on the language as a horizon of meaning and understanding. A comparative analysis of these theories shows that the understanding of hermeneutics as an ontological interpretation of presence is completed not only in the framework of ontological discourse, but also in the representation of language as an independent agent, which is also the most developed topos of existence. The analytics of presence is the main content of Heidegger’s main work, and at the same time it should become the basis of the fundamental ontology, which grows directly from such hermeneutics and, in a sense, is its substantive mode. Such a theory is an understanding that is carried out not as an act of thinking, but as a way of staying, a special Dasein modus, which is given not so much epistemologically as existentially. Although Gadamer lacks the required hermeneutic analytics of the language, he never departs from his postulate of the linguistic nature of understanding. For him, the soil on which human existence is built as understanding is initially language, while Heidegger comes to language through speech, which is seen as the existential-ontological foundation of language. Language, according to Gadamer, is an a priori condition for any act of understanding, the space for its implementation and, at the same time, the result, expressed in the total “stipulation” of the world by the word.

Conclusions. The linguistic task in Gadamer’s teachings confirms the value of Heidegger’s discourse regarding the ontic and ontological horizons of understanding supplements the concept of hermeneutics of factuality and eliminates its contradictions by reconciling the theoretical and practical plans of existence, implemented in the categorical unity of the language. This unity itself is not at all a kind of technical characteristic of the language, and moreover, it is related not only to the language and situations of linguistic interaction, but it is a correlate of Dasein himself, its fundamental embodiment, and the semantic environment for the development of existence.

Keywords: hermeneutics, presence, understanding, interpretation, language, meaning, discourse.

 

References:

  1. Kozlova, MV., 2015. ‘Koncepcii poeticheskogo yazyka v estetike ХХ (Hajdegger, Badyu, Gadamer) (Concepts of poetic language in the aesthetics of the twentieth century. (Heidegger, Badiou, Gadamer))’. Disertaciya kandidata nauk, Moskva, Federalnoe gosudarstvennoe byudzhetnoe obrazovatelnoe uchrezhdenie vysshego professionalnogo obrazovaniya “Sankt-Peterburgskij gosudarstvennyj universitet”, 146 s.
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